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Hypertension is one of the strongest risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, cerebral stroke, and kidney failure. Lifestyle and nutrition are important factors that modulate blood pressure. Hypertension can be controlled by increasing physical activity, decreasing alcohol and sodium intake, and stopping tobacco smoking. Chronic kidney disease patients often have increased blood pressure, which indicates that kidney is one of the major organs responsible for blood pressure homeostasis. The decrease of renal sodium reabsorption and increase of diuresis induced by high potassium intake is critical for the blood pressure reduction. The beneficial effect of a high potassium diet on hypertension could be explained by decreased salt reabsorption by sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). In DCT cells, NCC activity is controlled by with-no-lysine kinases (WNKs) and its down-stream target kinases, Ste20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) and oxidative stress-responsive 1 (OSR1). The kinase activity of WNKs is inhibited by intracellular chloride ([Cl-]i) and WNK4 is known to be the major WNK positively regulating NCC. Based on our previous studies, high potassium intake reduces the basolateral potassium conductance, decreases the negativity of DCT basolateral membrane (depolarization), and increases [Cl-]i. High [Cl-]i inhibits WNK4-SPAK/OSR1 pathway, and thereby decreases NCC phosphorylation. In this review, we discuss the role of DCT in the blood pressure regulation by dietary potassium intake, which is the mechanism that has been best dissected so far.
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Humans , Blood Pressure , Diet , Kidney/metabolism , Kidney Tubules, Distal/metabolism , Phosphorylation , Potassium/pharmacology , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases , Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3/metabolismABSTRACT
Intracranial intradural chondroma is a rare disorder,the imaging findings of which have been rarely reported.The current study reported a case of intracranial extra-cerebral chondroma and described the detailed CT and magnetic resonance imaging findings,which would provide valuable imaging evidence for the diagnosis of intracranial extra-cerebral chondroma.
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Humans , Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Chondroma/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the intra-and inter-observer reproducibility of iodine concentrations of abdominal parenchymal organs based on spectral CT.Methods The water-free iodine images of the venous phase were retrospectively obtained from 50 patients with abdominal dynamic spectral CT scans.The iodine concentrations were measured in the left,right and caudate lobes of liver,spleen,pancreas and bilateral kidneys.Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)and Bland-Altman plot were employed to analyze the intra-and inter-observer reproducibility.Results The intra-observer ICCs of the left,right and caudate lobes of liver,spleen,pancreas,and left and right kidneys were 0.938(0.894,0.965),0.932(0.884,0.961),0.939(0.895,0.965),0.947(0.909,0.970),0.912(0.851,0.949),0.946(0.906,0.969)and 0.907(0.842,0.946),which indicated good intra-observer reproducibility.The inter-observer ICCs of the left,right and caudate lobes of liver,spleen,pancreas,and left and right kidneys were 0.947(0.909,0.970),0.927(0.875,0.958),0.943(0.902,0.968),0.956(0.924,0.975),0.934(0.887,0.962),0.927(0.875,0.958)and 0.892(0.818,0.937),which indicated good inter-observer reproducibility.Bland-Altman plots presented that more than 95% points of the intra-observer differences located within 95% CI of limits of agreement for the caudate lobe of liver,spleen,pancreas and bilateral kidneys,which was same as inter-observer differences of the caudate lobe of liver,spleen and right kidney.Conclusion The iodine concentration measurement based on the spectral CT presented good intra-and inter-observer reproducibility for the caudate lobe of liver and spleen.
Subject(s)
Humans , Iodine , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in both physiological and pathological processes. EMT plays an essential role in the invasion, migration and metastasis of tumours. Autophagy has been shown to regulate EMT in a variety of cancers but not in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Herein, we investigated whether autophagy also regulates EMT in HNSCC. Analyses of clinical data from three public databases revealed that higher expression of fibronectin-1 (FN1) correlated with poorer prognosis and higher tumour pathological grade in HNSCC. Data from SCC-25 cells demonstrated that rapamycin and Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS) promoted autophagy, leading to increased FN1 degradation, while 3-methyladenine (3-MA), bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) and chloroquine (CQ) inhibited autophagy, leading to decreased FN1 degradation. On the other hand, autophagic flux was blocked in BECN1 mutant HNSCC Cal-27 cells, and rapamycin did not promote autophagy in Cal-27 cells; also in addition, FN1 degradation was inhibited. Further, we identified FN1 degradation through the lysosome-dependent degradation pathway using the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Data from immunoprecipitation assays also showed that p62/SQSTM1 participated as an autophagy adapter in the autophagy-lysosome pathway of FN1 degradation. Finally, data from immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the interaction between p62 and FN1 was abolished in p62 mutant MCF-7 and A2780 cell lines. These results indicate that autophagy significantly promotes the degradation of FN1. Collectively, our findings clearly suggest that FN1, as a marker of EMT, has adverse effects on HNSCC and elucidate the autophagy-lysosome degradation mechanism of FN1.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Autophagy , Cell Line, Tumor , Fibronectins , Lysosomes/metabolism , Ovarian Neoplasms , Sequestosome-1 Protein/metabolism , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and NeckABSTRACT
Objective To identify the optimal mono-energetic enhanced spectral CT for renal cortex in cortical phase based on the iodine concentration. Methods Fifty patients with normal renal function received the abdominal enhanced spectral CT examination.The iodine concentration and CT values of the multiple mono-energetic spectral images were measured on renal cortex in cortical phase,and the correlation between the iodine concentration and the CT values and the coefficient of variation(CV)were analyzed. Results The correlation analysis demonstrated that the correlation coefficient was 0.994,0.994,0.993,0.987,0.976,0.960,and 0.938 between mono-energetic spectral CT images(40-100 keV with interval 10 keV,respectively)and iodine concentration(all
Subject(s)
Humans , Contrast Media , Iodine , Kidney Cortex/diagnostic imaging , Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the epidemic character of injuries among rural left-behind children, so as to provide evidence for strategies and processes on preventing injuries. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling, a town was randomly selected from each of the two layers with different economic development levels in Qingxin district, Qingyuan city, Guangdong Province. The local left-behind children of 3-9 grades from 3 elementary schools and 3 middle schools were randomly selected from the local area. The student self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate the occurrence of injuries, personal circumstances, family environment and school situation in the past year. Data of injury situation, personal situation, family situation and school situation during last year were analysed by Chi-square and multiple logistic analysis. Results Injuries were reported to occur in 440 left-behind children, with an injury rate of 17.5%. Significant difference of injury rate was observed between groups divided by grades, being only-child in family, health conditions, anxiety, getting along with other students, teacher’s attitude to students, emphasizing security by teachers, knowledge level about injury, and injury-relative behaviors (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression model results suggested that middle school, physical health, behavioral level, and relationship with classmates are protective factors, anxiety is a risk factor (OR=1.262,95%CI:1.009~1.577,P=0.041). Conclusions We have to take some comprehensive methods to prevent injuries that are influenced by all kinds of factors. While constructing an advantage circumstance to left-behind children, their awareness of security should also be improved to reduce the occurrence of injuries.
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BACKGROUND: The Id2 gene is an endogenous negative regulator of basic helix-loop-helix factor, which is involved in the cell proliferation, differentiation and existence. Id2 also shows functional diversity in the progression and infiltration of different types of tumors OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of proliferation and invasiveness of PC-3 human prostate cancer stem cells after shRNA-Id2 transfection. METHODS: PC-3 human prostate cancer stem cells in logarithmic growth phase were harvested to isolate tumor stem cell spheres by serum-free suspension culture. The expression of CD44+CD24-on the surface of tumor stem cells was detected by flow cytometry. The shRNA-Id2 expression vector was constructed and transfected into PC-3 human prostate cancer stem cells. Untransfected PC-3 human prostate cancer stem cells were used as control. At 48 hours after transfection, the expression of Id2 gene and protein in shRNA-Id2 transfected prostate cancer stem cells, NC-shRNA empty vector transfected prostate cancer stem cells and untransfected prostate cancer stem cells were detected by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. The proliferation and invasion of shRNA-Id2 transfected prostate cancer stem cells and untransfected prostate cancer stem cells were detected by MTT assay and Transwell chamber, respectively. The expressions of E-cadherin, vimentin and Twist were detected by western blot and RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Tumor stem cell spheres were successfully isolated by the serum-free suspension culture. The expression rate of CD44+CD24-on the surface of the third-generation PC-3 human prostate cancer stem cells was (85.69±8.96) ％, indicating that the cultured tumor stem cell spheres overexpressed the phenotype of tumor stem cells. At 48 hours after transfection, the expression of Id2 gene and protein was significantly lower in the shRNA-Id2 transfection group than the non-transfection group (P < 0.05) , indicating that the expression of Id2 was successfully interfered with the expression of PC-3 prostate cancer stem cells. The invasive ability of the cells in the shRNA-Id2 transfection group was significantly lower than that in the non-transfection group (P < 0.05). Western blot and RT-PCR detection showed that the expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker of PC-3 prostate cancer stem cells, in the shRNA-Id2 transfection group was significantly higher than that in non-transfection group (P < 0.05) , while the expression of vimentin, a marker of mesenchymal stem cells, and Twist, a transcription factor regulating cell-mesenchymal transformation, in the shRNA-Id2 transfection group was significantly lower than that in the non-transfection group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that RNA interference with Id2 gene can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of PC-3 prostate cancer stem cells by regulating the expression of E-cadherin, vimentin and Twist.
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BACKGROUND: The Id2 gene is an endogenous negative regulator of basic helix-loop-helix factor, which is involved in the cell proliferation, differentiation and existence. Id2 also shows functional diversity in the progression and infiltration of different types of tumors OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of proliferation and invasiveness of PC-3 human prostate cancer stem cells after shRNA-Id2 transfection. METHODS: PC-3 human prostate cancer stem cells in logarithmic growth phase were harvested to isolate tumor stem cell spheres by serum-free suspension culture. The expression of CD44+CD24-on the surface of tumor stem cells was detected by flow cytometry. The shRNA-Id2 expression vector was constructed and transfected into PC-3 human prostate cancer stem cells. Untransfected PC-3 human prostate cancer stem cells were used as control. At 48 hours after transfection, the expression of Id2 gene and protein in shRNA-Id2 transfected prostate cancer stem cells, NC-shRNA empty vector transfected prostate cancer stem cells and untransfected prostate cancer stem cells were detected by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. The proliferation and invasion of shRNA-Id2 transfected prostate cancer stem cells and untransfected prostate cancer stem cells were detected by MTT assay and Transwell chamber, respectively. The expressions of E-cadherin, vimentin and Twist were detected by western blot and RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Tumor stem cell spheres were successfully isolated by the serum-free suspension culture. The expression rate of CD44+CD24-on the surface of the third-generation PC-3 human prostate cancer stem cells was (85.69±8.96) ％, indicating that the cultured tumor stem cell spheres overexpressed the phenotype of tumor stem cells. At 48 hours after transfection, the expression of Id2 gene and protein was significantly lower in the shRNA-Id2 transfection group than the non-transfection group (P < 0.05), indicating that the expression of Id2 was successfully interfered with the expression of PC-3 prostate cancer stem cells. The invasive ability of the cells in the shRNA-Id2 transfection group was significantly lower than that in the non-transfection group (P < 0.05). Western blot and RT-PCR detection showed that the expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker of PC-3 prostate cancer stem cells, in the shRNA-Id2 transfection group was significantly higher than that in non-transfection group (P < 0.05), while the expression of vimentin, a marker of mesenchymal stem cells, and Twist, a transcription factor regulating cell-mesenchymal transformation, in the shRNA-Id2 transfection group was significantly lower than that in the non-transfection group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that RNA interference with Id2 gene can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of PC-3 prostate cancer stem cells by regulating the expression of E-cadherin, vimentin and Twist.
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Bone tissue engineering is a scientific field devoted to the development of materials that can repair or replace human bone tissue with biological and engineering methods. The stent, which provides structural support and adhesion sites for cell and tissue growth, is one of the key elements in tissue engineering. The scaffold may comprise metal, polymer, and ceramic biomaterial. The polymer scaffold is widely used due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical stability. Chitosan, as a natural polymer, is derived from chitin and has played a particularly important role in bone tissue engineering over the past two decades. In recent years, chitosan composites and their application in bone tissue engineering have received considerable attention due to their small foreign body reaction, excellent antibacterial properties, plasticity, suitability for inward cell growth, and bone conduction. This review will discuss the biocompatibility and osteogenesis research in vivo and in vitro of several common chitosan composites in bone tissue engineering.
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Objective:To investigate the transport pathway and intracellular distribution of the of fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)synthesized by folic acid and polyethyleneimine(PEI)through the membrane of MC3T3-E1 cells and its effect on the cells,and to clarify the mechanism.Methods:The fluorescent CDs with the function of cell imaging were synthesized by hydrothermal method using folic acid and PEI as the raw materials;MTT assay was applied to screen the best concentration of CDs.The MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into blank control group,folic acid group and CDs group.The biocompatibility of CDs was evaluated by the detection of cell cycle,apoptosis and cellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)level.Nystatin as a kind of caveolae inhibitor and nocodazole as a kind of macropinocytosis inhibitor were used to find out the pathway through which the cells took in the CDs.Using the charcteristic of CDs with blue fluorescence stimulated by ultraviolet ray,the organelle probes were used to observe the distribution of CDs.Results:Compared with blank control group,the cells in different concentrations(100-450 mg·L-1)of CDs groups showed no cytotoxicity at 24 h(P>0.05);at 48 h,the cell proliferation rate was reduced to 68.4% of blank control group when the concentration of CDs reached 350 mg · L -1(P<0.05). Compared with blank control group,the percentages of cells in G0phase and G1phase in CDs group were decreased (P<0.05),and the percentage of cells in S phase was increased(P<0.05);the percentages of cells in G2phase and M phase were increased,but there no was significant differences(P>0.05).Compared with blank control group,the apoptotic rates of the cells in folic acid group and CDs group had no significant differences(P>0.05). Compared with blank control group,the intracellular ROS levels in folic acid group and CDs group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with blank control group,the uptake amount of CDs in the cells was decreased in nystatin group(P<0.05).The blue fluorescence of CDs overlapped with the red fluorescence of mitochondria under an inverted fluorescence microscope,the blue fluorescence of CDs overlapped with the red fluorescence of lysosomes;they didn't overlap completely with the red fluorescence of the endoplasmic reticulum;the blue fluorescence of CDs overlapped poorly with the red fluorescence of Golgi apparatus.Conclusion:CDs perform well in biocompatibility and they can be distributed to different organelles after taken in by the cells.They can be used as a kind of gene carrier in transgenic therapy.
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Objective: To explore the homing effect of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) on the tongue squamous cell carcinoma Cal27 cells, and to observe the biological behaviors of tongue squamous cell carcinoma Cal27 cells affected by mBMSCs. Methods: The mBMSCs were isolated and purified by whole bone marrow methods. The cell phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry to identify the mBMSCs. The mBMSCs were divided into blank control group, Hacat cell control group and Cal27 cell experiment Cal27 cell group. After co-cultured with normal culture medium, Hacat conditioned medium and Cal27 conditioned medium, the number of the migrated Cal27 cells was detected by cell migration assay. The Cal27 cells were divided into single Cal27 cell control group and co-cultured Cal27 and mBMSCs experiment group (co-cultured group). The Cal27 cells in co-cultured group were co-cultured with mBMSCs using Transwell method. Cell proliferation assay and colony formation assay were used to detect the proliferation ability of the co-cultured Cal27cells. Cell migration assay was performed for the detection of the migration ability of the Cal27 cells after co-culture. Results: The inverted microscope results showed that most mBMSCs were short shuttle-like, with abundant cytoplasm, oval or nephron nucleus and irregular cell lengths; the cells arranged well. The results of flow cytometry showed that CD44, CD29, and Sca-1 were positive, and CD45, CDllb were negative in the mBMSCs. Compared with blank control group and Hacat cell control group, the number of mBMSCs homing to Cal27 cells in Cal27 cell group was significantly increased (P<0. 01). Compared with single Cal27 cell control group, the growth rates of Cal27 cells in co-cultured group were significantly increased from the 3rd day after co-culture (P<0. 01), and the number of clones was increased. The cell migration test results showed that the number of transmembrane cells in co-cultured group was significantly increased compared with single Cal27 cell control group (P<0. 01). Conclusion: mBMSCs can home to the tongue squamous cell carcinoma Cal27 cells, which promotes the proliferation and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma Cal27 cells and promotes the development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. So mBMSCs can be used as an anti-tumor target.
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Objective:To study the lethal effect of vitamin C carbon dots on oral squamous cell carcinoma KB cells, and to clarity its related mechanism.Methods: The KB cells were treated with different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg·L-1) of vitamin C carbon dots in vitro as experimental groups, and 0 mg·L-1 vitamin C carbon dots group was used as blank control group.MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation rates of KB cells in various groups;colony formation assay was used to detect the colony formation ability of KB cells;Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expression levels of autophagy related protein LC3 in KB cells in various groups;flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rates of KB cells in various groups.Results: Compared with blank control group, the proliferation rates and colony formation abilities of KB cells in 20, 40 and 80 mg·L-1 carbon dots groups were markedly decreased (P<0.01).Compared with blank control group, the protein expression level of LC3 Ⅱ in 40 mg·L-1 carbon dots group was increased(P<0.05);the apoptotic rate of KB cells was markedly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion: Vitamin C carbon dots can kill the oral squamous cell carcinoma KB cells effectively, suppress the proliferation and impair the colony formation ability of KB cells, which is related to autophagy and apoptosis of KB cells.
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BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering provides a new way for the repair of urinary tissue and organ defects.Urinary tissue engineering has shown a bright prospect.OBJECTIVE: To review the latest research on urinary tissue engineering at national and international level.METHODS: With the keywords of tissue engineering, urology, scaffold, vascularization in Chinese and in English,respectively, a computer-based search for articles published from January 2000 to January 2016 was performed in CNKI and PubMed databases. The articles addressing urology tissue engineering, scaffolds and vascularization were collected,summarized and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The selection and cultivation of seed cells, scaffold material performance, tissue construction in vitro, and degree of vascularization all make an important influence on the repair of urinary injuries. As different seed cells hold different biological characteristics, we should make full consideration prior to choosing an appropriate seed cell, so as to pave a good foundation for urinary tissue engineering. Scaffolds with good three-dimensional structure can promote the cell growth and proliferation, tissue in-growth and vascularization.Tissue-engineered materials are superior to traditional repair materials, but still on initial stage, and further large scale trials will be necessary. Moreover, some problems needed to be solved, such as the regenerated tissue with incomplete function different from natural tissues, and regeneration failure caused by biological stent rejection.
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By detecting SRY gene of cell-free fetal DNA ( cffDNA) in maternal peripheral blood, the sex of fetuses was determined, the risks of sex-linked genetic disorders were assessed and the birth rate of sick fetuses was decreased. A method of real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) coupled with invader assay was established to detect SRY gene. This method possessed the advantages such as high sensitivity, high specificity and non-contaminated with closed tube detection. Under the optimized reaction conditions such as 250 nmol/L detection probes, 7. 5 U FEN1 enzyme, 0. 5 U Taq polymerase and 67℃ of annealing temperature in pre-amplification, the simulated samples as low as 4% ( 4 copies/μL ) were detected and two clinical samples with the gestation age of 9 weeks and 10 weeks were successfully detected. The detection results showed that this method could be used to detect SRY gene of cffDNA in maternal peripheral blood, providing an effective technique for clinical non-invasive prenatal diagnosis based on SRY gene.
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By detecting SRY gene of cell-free fetal DNA ( cffDNA) in maternal peripheral blood, the sex of fetuses was determined, the risks of sex-linked genetic disorders were assessed and the birth rate of sick fetuses was decreased. A method of real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) coupled with invader assay was established to detect SRY gene. This method possessed the advantages such as high sensitivity, high specificity and non-contaminated with closed tube detection. Under the optimized reaction conditions such as 250 nmol/L detection probes, 7. 5 U FEN1 enzyme, 0. 5 U Taq polymerase and 67℃ of annealing temperature in pre-amplification, the simulated samples as low as 4% ( 4 copies/μL ) were detected and two clinical samples with the gestation age of 9 weeks and 10 weeks were successfully detected. The detection results showed that this method could be used to detect SRY gene of cffDNA in maternal peripheral blood, providing an effective technique for clinical non-invasive prenatal diagnosis based on SRY gene.
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Objective To study the effect of behavioral therapy combined with Paroxetine in the treatment of overactive bladder accompanied by depression and anxiety.Methods Over the past two years,a total of 69 cases of patients with overactive bladder accompanied by depression and anxiety were diagnosed by outpatient,they were divided into experimental group (n=33)and control group(n=36).The experimental group were given behavior therapy and Paroxetine in the treatment of anxiety,depression,while the control group were given behavior therapy.Then the overactive bladder symptom score(OABSS),urgency score,SDS,SAS score before and after treatment of the two groups of patients were statistically analyzed.Results (1)The OABSS score ((3.30± 1.01) vs (7.51 ± 0.69)),urgency score((2.60±0.51) vs (3.93±0.69)),SDS score((43.1±6.2) vs (66.4±4.7)) and SAS score ((41.9±0.6) vs (61.4±3.9)) decreased after treatment of the experimental group.There were statistically significant compared with before treatment(t=17.8773,8.9045,17.2039,16.0273,all P＜0.01).(2) The OABSS score,urgency score decreased after treatment of the control group.There were statistically significant compared with before treatment (t=6.1926,6.3483;both P＜0.01).SDS,SAS score before and after treatment of the control group were not statistically significant (t=1.3105,0.5852,bothP＞0.05) (3) The OABSS score,urgency score,of the experimental group were more depressed than the control group,which were statistically significant (t =3.3830,3.6391,both P＜0.01).Conclusion For overactive bladder patients with anxiety and depression,behavioral therapy combined with Paroxetine is better than behavioral therapy alone.
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Objective To evaluate the relationship between intraplaque hemorrhage of cerebral arteries and acute cerebral infarcts. Methods 35 patients with severe stenosis in M1 segment of middle cerebral arteries (MCA)were included in this study.Intracranial TOF MRA (time of flight MR angiography)was performed to detect the stenosis in MCA,and DWI (diffusion weighted imaging) was performed to detect cerebral acute infarcts.T1 MPRAGE sequence was positioned on the stenosis in M1 segment of MCA,and intraplaque hemorrhage was determined according to high signal on T1 MRRAGE images.35 patients were divided into two groups:one group with intraplaque hemorrhage and the other group without intraplaque hemorrhage.Whether there was significant differ-ence in the incidences of acute cerebral infarcts between the two groups were determined byχ2 test.Results Intraplaque hemorrhage was detected in 1 5 patients,in which 12 patients had acute cerebral infarcts.There were no intraplaque hemorrhage in 20 patients,in which 9 patients had acute cerebral infarcts.There was significant difference in the incidences of acute cerebral infarcts between the two groups (P =0.046 <0.05).Conclusion There is a higher incidence of acute cerebral infarcts in patients with intraplaque hem-orrhage than those without intraplaque hemorrhage.Intraplaque hemorrhage in severe stenosis of cerebral arteries is a high-risk indi-cation for acute cerebral infarction.
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Objective To investigate the effects of up?regulated miR?206/miR?1 on the proliferation of breast cancer stem cells and the effect mech?anism. Methods Breast cancer stem cells(BCSCs)were isolated from breast cancer cell line MCF?7 by fluorescence?activated cell sorting. Cells in the experiment were divided into the blank control group,the negative control group,the miR?206 group and the miR?1 group. The BCSCs were transfected by negative control mimic,hsa?miR?206mimic and hsa?miR?1mimic in all groups except the blank control group. MiR?206and miR?1 expression levels as well as the transcription factor EVI?1 gene were detected by real time PCR. The expression levels of the transcription factor EVI?1 protein were detected by Western blot. MTT method was used to detect the effects of miR?206 and miR?1 on the proliferation of BCSCs. Results The BCSCs(CD44+/CD24-/low cells)isolated from MCF?7 cell lines were successfully cultured in serum?free medium for subsequent studies. After transfection of hsa?miR?206mimic and hsa?miR?1mimic for 48 hours,miR?206and miR?1relative expression levels increased. EVI?1mRNA ex?pression levels significantly decreased. The results of Western blot and MTT showed that up?regulated expression levels of miR?206 and miR?1 could significantly reduce the expression of EVI?1 protein and inhibited the proliferation of BCSCs. The differences in levels of miR?206,miR?1 and EVI?1 protein were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Up?regulated miR?206 and miR?1 expression can inhibit the proliferation ability of BCSCs,which may be related to the down?regulation of EVI?1.
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Penaeidin-2 (Pen-2) is an important antimicrobial peptide derived from the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, and possesses both antibacterial and antifungal activities. Recent studies suggest that recombinant penaeidins show similar activities to the native Pen-2 protein. Previous researches have shown that some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. To date, there have been no studies on the antitumor effects of Pen-2. This study evaluated the potential of recombinant pen-2 (rPen-2) in the selective killing of kidney cancer cell lines ACHN and A498, and its action mechanism. MTT assays found the maximal growth inhibition of HK-2, ACHN and A498 cells treated with 100 μg/mL rPen-2 at 48 h was 13.2%, 62.4%, and 70.4%, respectively. DNA-specific fluorescent dye staining showed a high percentage of apoptosis on cancer cells. Flow cytometry revealed that the apoptosis rate of HK-2, ACHN and A498 cells was 15.2%, 55.2%, and 61.5% at 48 h respectively, suggesting that rPen-2 induced higher apoptosis rate in cancer cells than in HK-2 cells. Laser confocal scanning microscopy demonstrated that the plasma membrane was the key site where rPen-2 interacted with and destroyed tumor cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed the morphologic changes of the cell membranes of kidney cancer cells treated with rPen-2. These results suggest that rPen-2 is a novel potential therapeutic agent that may be useful in treating kidney cancers.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides , Genetics , Pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Arthropod Proteins , Genetics , Pharmacology , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Kidney Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Pathology , Penaeidae , Genetics , Recombinant Proteins , Genetics , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of anxiety-like behaviors on the levels of sex hormones and severity of erectile dysfunction(ED) in young men.Methods A total of 120 young men with ED,between the ages of 23 and 35 years,were prospectively studied,and all of them were the outpatients from the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from January 2012 to October 2013.Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used.According to the scores of SAS,the patients were divided into four groups.26 were rated by SAS as in the normal,36 in the mild,32 in the moderate and 26 in the severe state of anxiety.The levels of serum sex hormone (FSH,LH,PRL,T,E2) were detected by immunochemiluminometric assays.ED was assessed using the IIEF-5.Further,the responses were divided into three diagnosing groups on the basis of cutoff scores for IIEF-5.The relationship between the SAS scores of measuring anxiety,serum sex hormone levels,and the indicators for ED,Spearman rank correlations were carried out.Results Comparing with the normal control group,the levels of serum sex hormones (FSH,LH,PRL,E2) increased in other groups,but there were no significant differences (F=0.28,P=0.08 ; F=2.91,P=0.06; F=0.90,P=0.44; F=0.80,P=0.15).The levels of serum testosterone and the scores of IIEF-5 in the moderate and severe anxiety group decreased.The more severe symptoms of anxiety,the more likely that the ED would occur(x2=72.423,P=0.00),and ED was significantly positively correlated with anxiety(r=0.637,P=0.00).Testosterone played the partial intermediary role on the relationship between anxiety score and the IIEF-5 score.Conclusion Anxiety may contribute to ED through disturbing the sex hormone and lowering the level of serum testosterone.